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Regular testing tells you and your doctor how well your Treatment Plan is working. Here are some tests he or she may want you to have:
- Blood sugar tests. One of the most important tests in helping manage your diabetes is one that you do yourself. This is the blood sugar reading that you may take several times a day. Your doctor will tell you how often to test your blood sugar.
Often your home tests show blood sugar levels that are about 10% lower than levels found in lab tests. So, it’s important to also have your blood sugar tested by your doctor.
- Hemoglobin A1c tests. This blood test shows the blood sugar level that you averaged over the past two to three months. A1c tests give the “big picture” of diabetes control.
A1c tests are usually done in a lab. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) advises people with type 2 diabetes to get an A1c test at least twice a year. You may need your level checked more often if you are not at your goal or if your treatment changes.
- Microalbuminuria test. At least once a year, your doctor will test for protein in your urine.
A positive test may mean that your kidneys have been damaged by diabetes or high blood pressure. Fever and exercise can raise the protein in your urine short term, so your doctor may want to repeat this test. He or she may prescribe certain high blood pressure medicine(s).
- Cholesterol. Have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked at least once a year. You want your LDL cholesterol to be less than 100 mg/dL (lower, if you have had a heart attack and have diabetes). You want your HDL cholesterol to be over 40 mg/dL for men and over 50 mg/dL for women. Triglyceride levels should be less than 150 mg/dL. If you can’t control your cholesterol with diet and exercise, your doctor may prescribe medicine.
- Blood pressure. Your blood pressure should be tested every time you visit your doctor. People with diabetes should try to keep their blood pressure below 130/80 mm Hg.
High blood pressure can cause heart disease, eye disease, stroke, and kidney damage. Again, your doctor may prescribe medicine if your blood pressure doesn’t come down with diet and exercise.
- Feet. You should check your feet everyday for calluses, bunions, sores, or discolored skin. These can lead to infections or ulcers and, in people with severe nerve damage, they can lead to amputations. Your doctor should do a complete foot exam at least once a year.
Also, keep your toenails short. Long nails may cause friction and lead to hidden ulcers in between your toes.
- Eyes and teeth. Get an eye exam at least once a year. Ask a dentist to check your teeth and gums every six months.
Remember: Keep good records (PDF Format) of any blood, urine, or other tests you do at home. Take them with you to every appointment.
Learn about a FREE support program that can help you manage your diabetes.
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